{"id":2936,"date":"2018-10-19T15:00:54","date_gmt":"2018-10-19T12:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/linde-stories.com\/lv\/?p=2936"},"modified":"2018-10-24T12:22:34","modified_gmt":"2018-10-24T09:22:34","slug":"gandriz-viss-ir-slapeklis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/linde-stories.com\/lv\/gandriz-viss-ir-slapeklis\/","title":{"rendered":"Gandr\u012bz viss ir sl\u0101peklis"},"content":{"rendered":"
M\u0113s dz\u012bvojam atmosf\u0113r\u0101 ar lielu sl\u0101pek\u013ca daudzumu, tom\u0113r sl\u0101peklis ir diezgan mazpaz\u012bstams elements. Tas nav \u012bpa\u0161i taisn\u012bgi, jo sl\u0101peklim ir daudz lielisku \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu. Faktiski sl\u0101peklis ir pamatelements.<\/h5>\n

Neliela ampula ar spermu tiek ievietota t\u0113rauda tvertn\u0113 ar \u0161\u0137idro sl\u0101pekli. No tvertnes pl\u016bst tvaiks, un tas izskat\u0101s p\u0113c kadra no zin\u0101tnisk\u0101s fantastikas filmas, ta\u010du tas ir tikai praktisks bio\u0137\u012bmijas izmanto\u0161anas piem\u0113rs.
\n\"sl\u0101peklisBio\u0137\u012bmi\u0137is zina, ka sperma var p\u0101rciest \u0161\u0137idr\u0101 sl\u0101pek\u013ca sald\u0113jo\u0161o iedarb\u012bbu un izdz\u012bvot sasald\u0113t\u0101 st\u0101vokl\u012b vismaz piecus gadus.<\/p>\n

Spermas bankas person\u0101ls ikdien\u0101 \u012bpa\u0161i nepiedom\u0101 pie t\u0101, ka sl\u0101peklis tiek ieg\u016bts no gaisa. Vi\u0146iem \u0161\u0137idrais sl\u0101peklis ir vienk\u0101r\u0161i svar\u012bgs formulas elements t\u0101pat k\u0101 daudziem citiem uz\u0146\u0113mumiem. Daudzi no speci\u0101listiem izmanto \u0161\u0137idr\u0101 sl\u0101pek\u013ca iespaid\u012bg\u0101s dzes\u0113\u0161anas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas. Sl\u0101peklis sasniedz v\u0101r\u012b\u0161an\u0101s punktu pie m\u012bnus 196\u00a0\u00b0C, un tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka \u0161aj\u0101 \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi zemaj\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101 sl\u0101peklis p\u0101riet no \u0161\u0137idr\u0101 uz g\u0101zveida st\u0101vokli. Sal\u012bdzin\u0101jumam, piem\u0113ram, \u016bdens, k\u0101 visi labi zin\u0101m, sasniedz v\u0101r\u012b\u0161an\u0101s punktu pie 100\u00a0\u00b0C\u00a0\u2014 t\u0101 ir gandr\u012bz 300\u00a0\u00b0C starp\u012bba! V\u0101ro\u0161s sl\u0101peklis pat\u0113r\u0113 ener\u0123iju, daudz ener\u0123ijas. Tas ieg\u016bst ener\u0123iju no apk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101s vides, kas attiec\u012bgi atdziest. Faktiski apk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101 vide k\u013c\u016bst \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi auksta. \u0160\u012b metode tiek pla\u0161i izmantota, piem\u0113ram, lai sasald\u0113tu augsni, veicot apjom\u012bgus b\u016bvdarbus zem zemes. Sasald\u0113t\u0101 augsne k\u013c\u016bst cieta k\u0101 akmens, ne\u013caujot sev\u012b iek\u013c\u016bt grunts\u016bde\u0146iem. \u0160\u012b metode tika izmantota, piem\u0113ram, metro b\u016bvniec\u012bbas laik\u0101 Kopenh\u0101gen\u0101.<\/p>\n

Nepatika pret savienojumu veido\u0161anu <\/strong><\/p>\n

Gaiss, ko m\u0113s elpojam, p\u0101rsvar\u0101 sast\u0101v no sl\u0101pek\u013ca. Sl\u0101peklis ir \u0137\u012bmiskais elements, un aptuveni 78% no atmosf\u0113ras sast\u0101v no \u0161\u012b elementa, turkl\u0101t pasaules pirms\u0101kumos sast\u0101va procentu\u0101lais l\u012bmenis bija daudz liel\u0101ks.<\/p>\n

Var teikt, ka sl\u0101pek\u013ca past\u0101v\u0113\u0161ana ir mazliet neman\u0101ma. Sl\u0101peklis gais\u0101 (par laimi!) ir neredzams, tam nav smar\u017eas un gar\u0161as, un tas nedeg. Sl\u0101pek\u013ca izskats nav \u012bpa\u0161i uzkr\u012bto\u0161s, pat p\u0113c atdzi\u0161anas l\u012bdz \u0161\u0137idram st\u0101voklim. Tas vienk\u0101r\u0161i k\u013c\u016bst par bezkr\u0101sainu \u0161\u0137idrumu.<\/p>\n

Ja \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101 elementa raksturo\u0161anai var\u0113tu izmantot cilv\u0113cisk\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, no \u0137\u012bmijas skatpunkta sl\u0101pekli var\u0113tu d\u0113v\u0113t par mazliet kautr\u012bgu. Sl\u0101peklim rakstur\u012bga nepatika veidot savienojumus ar cit\u0101m viel\u0101m. Sl\u0101peklis ir tik attur\u012bgs, ka \u0137\u012bmi\u0137i to uzskata gandr\u012bz par inertu g\u0101zi. Inerta g\u0101ze ir t\u0101da g\u0101ze, ko raksturo t\u0101s stabilit\u0101te un attur\u0113\u0161an\u0101s veidot \u0137\u012bmiskus savienojumus.<\/p>\n

\"Iepako\u0161ana\u0160\u012b sl\u0101pek\u013ca \u012bpa\u0161\u012bba tiek izmantota ar\u012b r\u016bpniecisk\u0101 l\u012bmen\u012b. Ja uz p\u0101rtikas produkta eti\u0137etes ir rakst\u012bts \u201cIepakots aizsargatmosf\u0113r\u0101\u201d, galvenais elements bie\u017ei vien ir sl\u0101peklis. Tas ir t\u0101d\u0113\u013c, ka br\u012bd\u012b, kad produkta individu\u0101lo atmosf\u0113ru veido t\u012brs sl\u0101peklis, produkts ir lieliski aizsarg\u0101ts pret bakt\u0113rij\u0101m un citiem mikroorganismiem, jo to izdz\u012bvo\u0161anai parasti ir nepiecie\u0161ams sk\u0101beklis. Sk\u0101bek\u013ca izspie\u0161anai no gaisa sl\u0101peklis tiek izmantots daudz\u0101s r\u016bpniecisk\u0101s nozar\u0113s. \u0160is process tiek d\u0113v\u0113ts par inert\u0113\u0161anu. Tas tiek izmantots ar\u012b naftas produktu ra\u017eo\u0161anas nozar\u0113 (e\u013c\u013ca\/degviela), kur\u0101 sl\u0101pek\u013ca koncentr\u0101cija nov\u0113r\u0161 ugunsgr\u0113ku un spr\u0101dzienu riskus, izvadot sk\u0101bekli no tvertn\u0113m un caurul\u0113m.<\/p>\n

Virszemes aprites \u0137\u0113de <\/strong>
\nNeraugoties uz sl\u0101pek\u013ca inertumu, ar atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101m viel\u0101m tas tom\u0113r veido savienojumus. Un paveic ar\u012b v\u0113rt\u012bgu darbu. Sl\u0101peklis ir viens no dz\u012bv\u012bbas pamatelementiem un tostarp ir \u013coti svar\u012bgs olbaltumvielu komponents. Ta\u010du dabai ir bijis \u013coti sare\u017e\u0123\u012bti rad\u012bt metodes sl\u0101pek\u013ca izspie\u0161anai no atmosf\u0113ras, kas ir Zemes liel\u0101k\u0101 sl\u0101pek\u013ca noliktava.<\/p>\n

Ticiet vai n\u0113, bet viena no \u0161\u012bm sl\u0101pek\u013ca izspie\u0161anas metod\u0113m ir p\u0113rkona negaiss. Zibens uzsilda apk\u0101rt\u0113jo gaisu tik liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101, ka sl\u0101peklis, vienk\u0101r\u0161i izsakoties, aizmirst par savu kautr\u012bbu un izveido \u0137\u012bmiskus savienojumus ar sk\u0101bekli. \u0160ie savienojumi k\u013c\u016bst par nitr\u0101tiem, un tos izmanto augi. Sl\u0101pek\u013ca savienojumi nok\u013c\u016bst atmosf\u0113r\u0101 ar\u012b vulk\u0101nu izvirdumu laik\u0101.<\/p>\n

\"Zibens<\/p>\n

Tom\u0113r zibens un vulk\u0101nu rad\u012btais pieejamais sl\u0101pek\u013ca daudzums ir neliels. T\u0101p\u0113c daudzas augu sugas pa\u0161as ir \u0137\u0113ru\u0161\u0101s pie lietas. \u0160\u012bs sugas ir izstr\u0101d\u0101ju\u0161as sp\u0113ju ieg\u016bt sl\u0101pekli no gaisa. Vai, citiem v\u0101rdiem: \u0161ie augi ir padar\u012bju\u0161i sevi par atsevi\u0161\u0137u bakt\u0113riju m\u0101jviet\u0101m, un \u0161\u012bs bakt\u0113rijas sp\u0113j piesaist\u012bt sl\u0101pekli no atmosf\u0113ras. Bakt\u0113rijas parasti uzturas auga sak\u0146u gum\u0101. Aptuveni 190 augu sugas ir izkopu\u0161as \u0161o burvju sp\u0113ju, un zin\u0101m\u0101ko vid\u016b ir zir\u0146i un pupas. Pateicoties \u0161iem augiem, sl\u0101peklim ir nodro\u0161in\u0101ta efekt\u012bva biolo\u0123isk\u0101 \u0137\u0113de. Augu apstr\u0101des rezult\u0101t\u0101 sl\u0101peklis p\u0101rtop olbaltumviel\u0101s, kuras ap\u0113d dz\u012bvnieki \u2013 vai m\u0113s! T\u0101 d\u0113v\u0113t\u0101 ur\u012bnviela tiek izdal\u012bta ar ur\u012bnu un satur \u2013 uzminiet ko? Pareizi: sl\u0101pekli. Ta\u010du tas joproj\u0101m ir \u0137\u012bmisks savienojums, un sl\u0101peklis atgrie\u017eas atpaka\u013c atmosf\u0113r\u0101, kad ur\u012bnviela ir no\u0101rd\u012bjusies.<\/p>\n

P\u0101r\u0101k liels<\/strong> sl\u0101pek\u013ca daudzums var izjaukt dabisko l\u012bdzsvaru, jo sl\u0101peklis ir efekt\u012bvs m\u0113slojums, kas izraisa a\u013c\u0123u veido\u0161anos ezeros, fjordos un j\u016br\u0101.<\/p>\n

Gaiss ir j\u0113lmateri\u0101ls<\/strong><\/p>\n

R\u016bpniec\u012bbas pasaul\u0113 sl\u0101peklis ir zin\u0101ms k\u0101 g\u0101ze. \u0160is nosaukums ir saist\u012bts gan ar faktu, ka \u0161\u012b g\u0101ze ir gaisa sast\u0101v\u0101, ta\u010du tas nor\u0101da ar\u012b uz to, ka g\u0101zi iesp\u0113jams ieg\u016bt no parasta gaisa, ko izmanto k\u0101 j\u0113lmateri\u0101lu. Tas notiek pak\u0101peniskas gaisa saspie\u0161anas un atdzes\u0113\u0161anas ce\u013c\u0101, proces\u0101, kas zin\u0101ms k\u0101 Linde process. \u0160\u012b procesa beig\u0101s gaiss ir tik auksts, ka p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161as \u0161\u0137idrum\u0101, un p\u0113c tam sl\u0101pekli iesp\u0113jams atdal\u012bt no cit\u0101m g\u0101z\u0113m, sk\u0101bek\u013ca un argona.<\/p>\n

Agr\u0101k, kad nebija tehniski iesp\u0113jams ra\u017eot sl\u0101pekli, tika izmantota endog\u0113na g\u0101ze: gaiss no, piem\u0113ram, akme\u0146og\u013cu g\u0101zes sadedzin\u0101\u0161anas, kur\u0101 sk\u0101bek\u013ca sast\u0101vs p\u0113c deg\u0161anas ir \u013coti zems, t\u0101d\u0101 veid\u0101 padarot endog\u0113no g\u0101zi neakt\u012bvu. Lieliem r\u016bpniec\u012bbas uz\u0146\u0113mumiem pieder\u0113ja endog\u0113n\u0101s g\u0101zes \u0123eneratori pa\u0161u ra\u017eotn\u0113s, turpret\u012b \u0161obr\u012bd sl\u0101peklis tiek ra\u017eots centraliz\u0113ti un izplat\u012bts uz da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m ra\u017eotn\u0113m.<\/p>\n

\"P\u0101rtikas<\/p>\n

Arvien vair\u0101k pieaug g\u0101zveida un \u0161\u0137idr\u0101 sl\u0101pek\u013ca izmanto\u0161ana. G\u0101zveida sl\u0101peklis tiek parasti izmantots procesos, kuros sk\u0101bek\u013ca kl\u0101tb\u016btne izraisa nev\u0113lamas \u0137\u012bmiskas reakcijas. \u0160\u0137idrais sl\u0101peklis tiek lietots dzes\u0113\u0161anai un sald\u0113\u0161anai, un t\u0101 izcil\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, piem\u0113ram, tiek izmantotas saist\u012bb\u0101 ar automa\u0161\u012bnu riepu otrreiz\u0113ju p\u0101rstr\u0101di; \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi aukstais gaiss padara gumiju l\u012bdz\u012bgu stiklam, p\u0113c tam riepas tiek sapres\u0113tas granul\u0101t\u0101, kas tiek izmantots gumijas, t\u0113rauda un tekstilizstr\u0101d\u0101jumu ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101.<\/p>\n

\u0100tri sasald\u0113jot kr\u0101su, t\u0101 pati nolob\u0101s, t\u0101p\u0113c \u0161\u0137idro sl\u0101pekli izmanto ar\u012b kr\u0101sas no\u0146em\u0161anai. Nelielas met\u0101la vai gumijas da\u013ci\u0146as lie\u0161anas veidn\u0113s var rad\u012bt lielas probl\u0113mas, ta\u010du t\u0101s var nov\u0113rst, lie\u0161anas veidnes sasald\u0113jot. Neliel\u0101s da\u013ci\u0146as p\u0113c tam nokr\u012bt.<\/p>\n

Arvien pieaugo\u0161s piepras\u012bjums p\u0113c augst\u0101kas kvalit\u0101tes p\u0101rtikas r\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101 noz\u012bm\u0113 ar\u012b \u0161\u0137idr\u0101 sl\u0101pek\u013ca izmanto\u0161anas pieaugumu, ta\u010du viens no p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 laik\u0101 atkl\u0101tajiem izmanto\u0161anas veidiem ir str\u0101vas padev\u0113. Pirmais supervad\u012bt\u0101ju str\u0101vas kabelis tika izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101ts 2001.\u00a0gad\u0101 Amager\u0101, D\u0101nij\u0101, un tas tika izmantots parast\u0101 str\u0101vas padev\u0113. Faktiski \u0161is kabelis ir 30\u00a0metru gar\u0161, ta\u010du b\u016btisks nav t\u0101 garums, kas nav \u012bpa\u0161i iev\u0113rojams, bet k\u0101da cita \u012bpa\u0161\u012bba: kabe\u013ca temperat\u016bra ir m\u012bnus 190\u00a0\u00b0C, un \u0161\u0101d\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101 nepast\u0101v elektrisk\u0101 pretest\u012bba, ietaupot milz\u012bgu ener\u0123ijas daudzumu. Nav lieki j\u0101skaidro, k\u0101 \u0161is kabelis tiek atdzes\u0113ts, jo ir pa\u0161saprotami, ka \u0161eit iesaist\u012bts sl\u0101peklis.<\/p>\n

\n

KAD ASS IR TIE\u0160I LAIK\u0100 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"Asij un ritenim p\u0113c b\u016bt\u012bbas j\u0101b\u016bt prec\u012bzi sader\u012bgiem. Ar\u012b to iesp\u0113jams pan\u0101kt, pateicoties sl\u0101peklim. Ass tiek izlieta t\u0101, lai b\u016btu mazliet par lielu riten\u012b eso\u0161ajam caurumam. P\u0113c tam ass tiek strauji atdzes\u0113ta ar \u0161\u0137idro sl\u0101pekli. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di ass mazliet saraujas, un ar to pietiek, lai to ievietotu gultn\u012b. P\u0113c tam, kad temperat\u016bra pieaug, ass tiek stabili fiks\u0113ta riten\u012b.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ATKL\u0100TS 1770. GAD\u0100 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"Gaiss ilgu laiku bija zin\u0101tnisks nosl\u0113pums. Ta\u010du 1770. gad\u0101 medic\u012bnas students v\u0101rd\u0101 Daniels Raterfords (Daniel Rutherford) atkl\u0101ja, k\u0101 izol\u0113t gaisu, p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161ot kr\u016bku par \u016bdens mucu. P\u0113c vair\u0101kiem eksperimentiem vi\u0146\u0161 atkl\u0101ja, ka liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca gaisa sast\u0101v no vielas, kas nav uzliesmojo\u0161a un kas nov\u0113r\u0161 deg\u0161anu. To d\u0113v\u0113ja par \u201csadegu\u0161o gaisu\u201d, kas noz\u012bm\u0113ja gaisu bez sk\u0101bek\u013ca. Tika atkl\u0101ts sl\u0101peklis.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

CIT\u0100S VALOD\u0100S <\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"\u0136\u012bmi\u0137i dod priek\u0161roku sl\u0101pek\u013ca nosaukumam ang\u013cu valod\u0101 (\u201cnitrogen\u201d). Latvie\u0161u valod\u0101\u00a0“sl\u0101peklis” noz\u012bm\u0113 “smac\u0113jo\u0161s”, kas saist\u012bts ar g\u0101zes sp\u0113ju \u201cnosmac\u0113t\u201d liesmu. Savuk\u0101rt franc\u016b\u017ei sl\u0101pekli d\u0113v\u0113 par \u201cazote\u201d, v\u0101cie\u0161i par \u201cStickstoff\u201d, zviedri\u00a0par \u201ckv\u00e4ve\u201d, bet d\u0101\u0146i to paz\u012bst k\u0101 \u201ckv\u00e6lstof\u201d.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Teksts: Ib Salomon<\/em>
\nAtt\u0113li: Shutterstock, Linde Brand Portal<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u0113s dz\u012bvojam atmosf\u0113r\u0101 ar lielu sl\u0101pek\u013ca daudzumu, tom\u0113r sl\u0101peklis ir diezgan mazpaz\u012bstams elements. Tas nav \u012bpa\u0161i taisn\u012bgi, jo sl\u0101peklim ir daudz lielisku \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu. Faktiski sl\u0101peklis ir pamatelements. Neliela ampula ar spermu tiek ievietota t\u0113rauda tvertn\u0113 ar \u0161\u0137idro sl\u0101pekli. No tvertnes pl\u016bst tvaiks, un tas izskat\u0101s p\u0113c kadra no zin\u0101tnisk\u0101s fantastikas filmas, ta\u010du tas ir tikai praktisks bio\u0137\u012bmijas izmanto\u0161anas piem\u0113rs. Bio\u0137\u012bmi\u0137is zina, ka sperma var p\u0101rciest \u0161\u0137idr\u0101 sl\u0101pek\u013ca sald\u0113jo\u0161o iedarb\u012bbu un izdz\u012bvot sasald\u0113t\u0101 st\u0101vokl\u012b vismaz piecus gadus. Spermas bankas person\u0101ls ikdien\u0101 \u012bpa\u0161i nepiedom\u0101 pie t\u0101, ka sl\u0101peklis tiek ieg\u016bts no gaisa. Vi\u0146iem \u0161\u0137idrais sl\u0101peklis ir vienk\u0101r\u0161i svar\u012bgs formulas elements t\u0101pat k\u0101 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2957,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3,390],"tags":[412,442,443,440,441,387,444,385,414],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGandr\u012bz viss ir sl\u0101peklis – Linde Stories<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sl\u0101peklis sasniedz v\u0101r\u012b\u0161an\u0101s punktu pie m\u012bnus 196 \u00b0C, un tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka \u0161aj\u0101 \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi zemaj\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101 sl\u0101peklis p\u0101riet no \u0161\u0137idr\u0101 uz g\u0101zveida st\u0101vokli.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/linde-stories.com\/lv\/gandriz-viss-ir-slapeklis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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